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Hello everyone, good as we would say in Dutch before noon, no, good morning.

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I am here to present the presentation with a long title, fully open source education tool

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to stimulate logical reasoning.

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So first, before we delve into that short, who am I, my name is Simo van Vellder, I'm a

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postdoctoral researcher at the University of Kyloven, but campus denial, they really

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want me to say that.

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Where I research notes, base AI, right?

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But besides the fact that I am this researcher, I also really have a pension for education

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and educating programming.

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So for instance, as a student job for five years, I've been always been a programming

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teacher in my weekends and currently I'm also the dojo lead of the Coder dojo master.

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So just to show that I really like to do these things.

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And then at one point, I wanted to combine these two and I wanted to fit this into my research,

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which I kind of did, maybe perhaps not fully, but it's in my PhD thesis, so it worked

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out in the end.

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So I'm here to present fully, which stands for first order, logic learning environment.

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I thought of this name, I thought, yes, what a great name, fully also means something

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else in English, so it's a great acronym until I found out that fully means idiocy.

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I misjudged that one, but the name stuck, so I kept it.

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The goal of fully is to teach first order logic to children aged 8 to 13 year olds, or

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just children in general, if also done it with 18 year olds, of course, much older.

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So for full those who may not be familiar with it, first order logic are these sentences,

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and you might recognize these sentences from math classes, and these scary upside down

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A's, the flips over E's, these sentences, for instance, say that for every X, it holds

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that if they are a human, then they're also an animal, and then it does the same thing,

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that every animal is mortal, and this can allow us to do deduction, such as if I now tell

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you that I am a human, I can deduce that I am an animal, and therefore that I am also mortal,

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right?

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So that's the idea of full.

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So why do we want to teach full?

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Well, it's an important foundation of many fields such as math, philosophy, psychology,

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even, there's a huge aspect of full, but also computer science in general, it's an important

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cornerstone, right?

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But it also helps with computational thinking, which is a very important aspect, I teach

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a horizontal computational thinking, so that's very nice.

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It's also a pillar of AI, you might not think of it as such, but really first order logic

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and logic-based AI is still alive and kicking at those of you who know expert systems,

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take that into 20, 25, and we still exist.

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But it also sharpens the reasoning skills in general.

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To show you an example of something that we want to teach children is the way since selection

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task.

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So you are shown four cards and on each card there's a number on one side and a color on the

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other side, right?

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So you get shown these four cards, maybe with the color it's not so easy, but so there's

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a three and eight blue card and a red card, right?

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So remember on the other side there's always a number on a color.

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I now tell you that every card with an even number must also have a blue backside, right?

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Now it's up to you to see, to verify if that is actually true, but you want to do that

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with a few cards as possible.

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So which cards would you need to flip to verify that every card with an even number

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has a blue backside?

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Okay, unless you know it already then of course don't say it.

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But if you want to do a guess, anyone who wants to do a guess with things that I guess might

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be incorrect, you would do three, okay, then I don't know what I expected but it's a

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great guess yes, and the other guesses you can also do multiple cards of course, yeah.

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You would do the second cards, right?

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You would do the eight and then blue, right?

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But who of you would do eight and blue?

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Okay, apparently no one, okay, multiple people who do eight and blue.

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It turns out eight and blue is the most of the most often occurring choice by children

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or by adults in general, because we would think that you need to check eight and blue,

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but that's incorrect, in reality you need to check eight and red, why?

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I said that every even card has a blue backside, so that means that the eight you need

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to check to see that it is blue, and the red one you need to check that it's not even

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on the other side, that it's an uneven number.

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The blue one I don't care about, if the blue one is even or uneven, really I don't care

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because an uneven number can have any color at once.

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I only say what should happen in the case of an even number, and this is a very easy

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example of where linguistics, where our human conception of an if-then goes wrong, but in

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first-order logic everything is precise, everything is non-ambiguous, so there it is clear

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that you would need to check the eight and the red, so no solution, wow.

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So there's some difficulties in teaching fall, well it doesn't do anything, in scratch,

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I guess a lot of you might be familiar with scratch, you have these nice blocks, you have

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these cats, the cat can meow, the cat can move around, that's all very cool, but first

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of logic doesn't do anything, it's just boring sentences.

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It also has a very steep learning curve, because there are these linguistical differences

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that you need to be aware of before you can actually start modeling correct fold sentences.

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Really it takes a very long time to be able to well versed enough in fold to present correct

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sentences.

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We also have these scary mathematical symbols, which helped your nightmares, yeah, at

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least was my experience when I was a child, I really hated it and then I started research

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in it, I don't know how that happened, somewhere along the way I started liking it,

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I guess.

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So like I said, it's also not fun, there's no animation, there's no standards, graphics,

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so you wanted to build better learning environment.

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I have a more detailed screenshot, yeah, this doesn't really tell us a lot other than,

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you know, this has a lot of syntax, this has scary red lines, this has things that can

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be typed incorrectly, these are all things that children, 8 to 13 year olds, they want

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like doing these things.

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So our design goals for this tool were as follows, oops, were as follows, firstly we wanted

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to do something with representation of fold, we wanted to have no finicky syntax, so basically

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it should be a bit syntax less, it should have a clear structure, we also really wanted

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to encourage trial and error and experimentation, we wanted children to be able to work

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in groups and if you put them in front of a computer and there's only one mouse and one

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keyboard as every computer has, then it's difficult to work together because always one

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child will have the upper hand and you can't really say I take the left side of the keyboard

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to take the right side of the keyboard as a bit weird way of working, so those are the

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things that we really want to encourage, then on the other hand we wanted them to have a

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nice task to do, right, which it focus on model theory, which maybe not everyone knows,

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but it's an important aspect, it should focus on model theory, it should give clear and

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immediate feedback because again we want this interactivity, it should increase gradually

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increase in difficulty and it should be of course engaging and fun, but what application

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domain do we use, as well I've told you a task, I've told you about our representation,

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but we still don't know what's problem domain we will be working it, also let me remove my

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cursor perhaps, right, so for the application domain we selected robot designs, so we do

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these phone cartoony robots very colorful, right, they are very compelling in a way and for

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these robots each component can have a different color, so you can see here they have arms,

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each of these things can have a different color and they may also wear heads and that's it,

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that's our application domain, these are the things that our children will represent rules or

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represent knowledge over in general, then the second aspect was the notation, so of course we went

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for a box based notation inspired by scratch and so many other similar approaches where they could

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express fairly simple expressions over these robots, so here for instance you see that there's

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a block for each holds that in this for each, they can put this pill shaping which in this case

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is components, the component of course needs a name, because basically what they're doing

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they're quantifying over a variable, so this is the scary upside down a which is now a nice looking

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book, so they say for each component which we call see must hold that its color must be red, right,

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and in this way the sentences have a more natural reading as well, so you can whenever they are

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debugging what they are doing I can simply tell a child can you read to me what you have expressed

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using these blocks and in doing that they typically are able to find their error more quickly,

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however like I said using the mouse does not stimulate collaboration, mouse and keyboards we don't

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want to use, so what we did we took it one step further and we actually laser cut out these blocks

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out of plywood and the blocks are then engraved with their intended meaning, this is in Dutch I'm

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sorry, but basically these are blocks like is a like where's the helmet and or is an arm x,

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we have red, blue, green, right arm, all these components, everything you need to express these rules

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are there and it makes it tangible, puzzle-like, you can see it, you can see these blocks in front

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of you and you can immediately start puzzling with them and you can put them together and what's

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nice is that sometimes you don't necessarily know yet what you want to express or what you

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need to express something and say that they need something to say something about the color of the

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left arm for instance then they don't necessarily need to know they don't necessarily know yet how to

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do that but they might see the block color off which in the left hand side has a circle right hand

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side as a square and then they think okay so I need a circle and a square so they have this guided

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way of looking how to construct their sentences, right? So then for the task the children are shown

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seven robots so there are three good robots and three bad robots and they need to express to the

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computer basically what a good robot has that the bad robot doesn't so basically what this

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thing which is good robots from bad robots that's the main idea and like we say we call this

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explain this to the computer because that's yeah we can't really tell them I will express full sentences

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and they don't know what that means so we say explain to a computer what this thing which is good

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from bad so for example this could be something like the left leg is blue that's an easy one or

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if the robot wears a helmet it must also have a green arm and more tricky or every component

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that is an arm or a leg must be colored green that's actually the very final level

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so here's an example yes showing us a bit of a closer look on actually with the children see

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so like I said it's very small for those in the back I'm very sorry but they're shown three good

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robots on the left hand side three bad robots on the right hand side and they must distinguish

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good from bad in this case the child wants to say that the robot has a red right arm but he

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expressed left arm right but this also shows the interactivity a bit as soon as he creates a sentence

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the computer picks it up I'll get I'll get to that later but the computer picks it up shows the effect

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of the rule on the center robot and then for each of the individual robots shows whether or not

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they are correct according to the sentence so on the left hand side you see the three robots are

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correct on the right hand side you can see that two of them are correctly incorrectly incorrect

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makes no sense but you get what I mean whereas the center one is still valid according to his rule

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so his rules incorrect yes now fully itself this basically is just a box which contains the

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following components a Raspberry Pi with a camera an LED backlight a set of blocks and each of these

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blocks is then annotated with a Rucum markers and so for those of you who do not know Rucum markers

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are simplified QR codes you can think of it and it is also one of the cornerstones of computer

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vision and they're very very easy to pick up so if my image had been larger you could have seen

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that this block had a very small a Rucum marker on it and it's that that the computer sees

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the computer sees all of these blocks from the the bottom side of the box the camera basically

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looks up they put all of their blocks on a C through pane and the computer then knows

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identifies each block and it knows for each block where it expects another block and in this way

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what they are doing is effectively programming or or shaping an abstract syntax three if that means

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anything to you but they can express all of these sentences and that also makes it completely

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generic anything they can express the computer will be able to pick up so there are no pre-programmed

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sentences that can be or shouldn't be correct it's all basically they are truly writing for

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sort of logic so all you need to run this is an HDMI monitor that's also part of the fun so

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it's this box yeah I don't know I would have brought I would have loved to bring it but

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I forgot it's very stupid I know and so it's just the box it's like this big it's not

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heavy at all because there's only a Raspberry Pi in there right you just plug in an HDMI monitor

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you stick it in a socket and box your uncle you have a fully realized fully set up so the

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application that I've shown is built in Python it uses Pi game for the interface uses open CV for

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computer vision and then this is the important part this is why it's my research as well and it

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uses IDPZ3 as a full evaluator not really relevant here I just wanted to stress that if there are

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any people who gave me grant money watching this this is related to my research but what's nice about

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using a full fully evaluator like I said so we don't have any pre-conceived notion of what is

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a correct sentence what is bad sentence every sentence is always fully checked so if a child comes

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up with a completely different way that is correct the system will also count it as being correct

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because we don't hard code correctness we just evaluate it on the fly and that's quite nice

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it can also be annoying when you make a difficult level in which for instance you want the child

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to express that every component must be green which is a bit difficult but the child coincidentally

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spots that no bad robot has a green right foot so the data say has a green right foot and then

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your entire learning curve is shattered but after a while you pick these up and you find all these

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mistakes so like I said I whenever a full statement is detected it is evaluators and then we

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show the results I have some nice images here which I realize are very small from the back for which

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again I am truly sorry but I can show this later and you can come up if you want so these are

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children playing around with the boxes as you can see they are working together as much as possible

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putting it on this the see-through pain and then the computer can reason with that

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all right so I can come back to that later why am I here at full zambic of course because this

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is fully open source really everything that I've mentioned here is online in some way or another

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so all the code is open source everything is ready to laser cuts so I just have a big

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SVG file that contains how to or contains the blocks themselves it contains the boxes because

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of course once you start laser cutting one thing you laser cut everything that's the issue of laser cutting

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so the boxes are also laser cut the yeah see-through pain was cut by the comma but still you can

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also get these things quite easily it's it's very cheap to build as well because all you need is

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Raspberry Pi and now that their prices have gone down a bit again I think it's like $60 to get a full box

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done if you have a laser cutter like near you all right when we are still doing however

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is building a step-by-step guide on how to build it but really it's not that difficult

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and also we are setting up a program at our university to allow schools to load

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loan out a box for a day because it's if you just build a box and then have fun for it with

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30 minutes that's it you don't really want to do that so if the school wants to load

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now these boxes that we have them available anyway they can do so all right I have a thank you

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slide but before we get that I think I still have time I have a video which says we're having troubles

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on my end but maybe not on this end okay my cursor is not cooperating what is this cursed HTML

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element how do I drop out of full screen modes

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okay okay I see what is going on here I need to move to my other thing

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there we go we're getting there okay so here you can see them oh there's even audio wow

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you can see how they are putting things on the table or on the screen rather

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it will pick it up soon

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yeah sometimes the children they make their sentence on the table and then put it on the screen which is

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yeah not very smart but whatever so it's it's loading there we go these are the results

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you can really see that their brains are thinking the gray matter is stimulated

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I'm not a videographer it's not a best video but just goes to show you how this works and

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then after this I cut it off because it programmed crashed I fixed that crash I have another video

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of one minute if I have time so what's also nice is that at our university we get to organize

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children university events where children actually get to come and typically when I give a

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fully workshop at because we frequently do workshops for children we start with

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explaining to them that you need to program your computer because they typically don't

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realize this yet as many of children nowadays at least in my previous workshop last week

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think that a computer is a chatbot that you can talk to and my heart starts bleeding

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which I guess is what a heart does in a way but not bleeding in the best way okay how do I

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yes another video of more time if I enable my JavaScript my god

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I need to enable robot of MP4

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I have no idea why this happens it worked yesterday when in doubts which do chromium unfortunately chromium

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let's see if that works no I have no idea okay doesn't matter I can always show it

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later if you want to see but I wanted to show that when we host these workshops we try to tell

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them that you need to program a computer and the way we do is we do it do this oh my god

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is with the pancake robots where the children need to explain to a human and who acts as a robot

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how to make a pancake with shocko or Nutella I guess I should say and I just had a nice video of

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where the robot is instructed to put the knife and he puts the knife in the wrong way and the children

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all have and it's just wanted to show it because it's always fun to see all right with that being said

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I think my slides are now completely broken okay I'll stick on the thank you no let's not I'll stick

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on the image slide and we can go to the questions let's say I don't know anything about

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for the as in both works I got the the books yeah I made it yeah I would like to host something

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how much time going to prepare myself so I can get started with the keys great question

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well on the one hand I could give you a sorry I had to repeat the question your question is

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how difficult is it to do it as an adult that's what it boils down to it's not so difficult

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many of these levels are really self-explanatory if you know what you need to look for

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and because you are older and I guess wiser than a child you will be able to do many of these things

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much more easily however there are some levels where a jump is very at the jump in difficulty isn't

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so gradual once you start explaining how and if then works it's not easy to to do that really

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and there's so there's one level where you really need to help children to realize that they need

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and if then and I guess that if you as an adult I don't know it either that will be a very

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difficult level but of course I can also give you the solution sheet but so typically when I get an

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assistance for these workshops I just show them the levels in five minutes and they know it for the rest

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of their lives so it's not so not so difficult

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excellent question in which language is it available I don't think you mean programming language

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right yes so it is it is completely in Dutch for now however it's not so difficult to change it

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so the code itself is completely English everything yeah really is in English there but the

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blocks are engraved in Dutch so that's the only thing if you engraved in a different language that's

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it that also shows another limitation and all the blocks are limited to the robot domain because

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they are engraved with the intended meaning of the robot blocks however it's not so difficult these

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are Rucomo markers are really universally implemented and if you just use the same Rucomo marker

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but I don't know talk about planes everything will work as well out of the box but that's why

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we need this build guide to be completely finished so that that process is easier

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the video and the photos I see come and put that on the kids like prepare the things

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the table sitting that they stand out yeah put it on the work it works pretty high yeah

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oh you can see that you have to stand or yes you just think to somehow yes so the question is

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the boxes are pretty high they still need to stand up to do it I sorry tend to make their

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send us on the table instead and then move it over that is quite a difficult thing to fix

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unfortunately because it's the camera that needs to be able to see the entire screen from the

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inside of the box so we could use like a fish eye camera but the tender detection becomes a bit

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more difficult but really it's just the children being lazy just stand up you already sit down so

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much everyday yeah no but it depends from from child to child however some eight-year-olds

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even when standing up aren't tall enough and they need to stand on the table so that is

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that is an annoyance and it's something that we're looking into

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yeah of course those things are possible all right so my time is up but if you have more questions

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I'll be around here most likely so thank you very much

