WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:12.240 Okay, we can start now. 00:12.240 --> 00:20.240 So, how many of you have ever designed a user interface in this room? 00:20.240 --> 00:26.600 I think it's a nice question, right? 00:26.600 --> 00:33.600 And how many of you feel confident that you designed wooden hammer any user? 00:33.600 --> 00:43.040 One, two, three, more or less? 00:43.040 --> 00:52.360 And how many of you feel confident that you never manipulated any user? 00:52.360 --> 00:57.360 Or complicated now, one, one-and-a-half? 00:57.360 --> 01:08.360 Okay, so, well, I suppose this is not equally easy for everyone to, or we are not equally confident in answering this question. 01:08.360 --> 01:14.360 Should we care about the potential harm that comes from the user interfaces? 01:14.360 --> 01:24.360 Well, the internet, websites, and applications in general are full of something that in the studies of human computer interaction, 01:24.360 --> 01:33.360 we have coined as manipulative design, deceptive design, or more commonly known sometimes like dark patterns. 01:33.360 --> 01:40.360 Out of curiosity, have you ever heard about this term before in this room? 01:40.360 --> 01:45.360 Oh, wow, didn't expect this. 01:45.360 --> 01:49.360 Better, but I didn't expect this at all, but well, great. 01:49.360 --> 01:53.360 It is going to be a great discussion then. 01:53.360 --> 01:58.360 So, well, manipulative designs are everywhere. 01:58.360 --> 02:05.360 So, these are the designs, the design features that subvert in pair or these third, 02:05.360 --> 02:13.360 like our ability of the user to make informed decisions in relation to detail systems, and that as a consequence, 02:13.360 --> 02:23.360 it is related to a lot of different types of harms, like privacy harms, financial harms, attention harms, like also sort of psychological harms as well. 02:23.360 --> 02:31.360 So, well, a lot of you are already new, there are patterns, but I'm sure you're familiar that you have experience, 02:31.360 --> 02:41.360 and possibly on cookie-consent bunners, like that they are trying to steal users to give our privacy, 02:41.360 --> 02:48.360 or you have maybe seen different types of gamification, or gambling strategies and different apps, 02:48.360 --> 02:52.360 that normally they shouldn't have this type of mechanisms. 02:52.360 --> 02:57.360 So, we have these patterns, and such are media, only commerce on video games, 02:57.360 --> 03:07.360 and I want to make them also the last quick test, like how many of you used the application of AliExpress? 03:07.360 --> 03:14.360 All of you are very familiar with manipulative designs of our I can imagine, because that application, 03:14.360 --> 03:23.360 let's say hotels website, that offers you different hotels, and indicates you in very bold letters, 03:23.360 --> 03:38.360 that well, there's few rooms, there's some urgency in here, and maybe you should take into account to book this hotel as soon as possible. 03:38.360 --> 03:47.360 All for instance, different types of services, you're going to buy something, you have selected your product service, et cetera, 03:47.360 --> 03:56.360 and suddenly you are knacked with more different types of firsts, that already again plays with the expectations of the users, 03:56.360 --> 04:02.360 because they are selected something, but they are receiving something, but they are given more new options, 04:02.360 --> 04:12.360 and also with misleading information, not only about the colors that you can take other first with more paying some more, 04:12.360 --> 04:22.360 more highlighted, but also because it is mainly when users can know that sometimes don't understand that the grey one would be the cheapest, 04:22.360 --> 04:32.360 because the first thing they see is that it's 100 euros, and their others are 20 or 50, so they think that these are cheaper, right? 04:32.360 --> 04:39.360 So these are some basic examples, you can put the names of the companies or not because this is everywhere in all types of services. 04:42.360 --> 04:51.360 So although, in some cases, you might feel you are immune towards these patterns, I must tell you, you are not, 04:51.360 --> 04:59.360 but it's true that some people suffer the consequences of manipulative designs more than others, that is deceptive practices, 04:59.360 --> 05:06.360 is that they explore different aspects of users' vulnerability, and that's why forever this is so important. 05:06.360 --> 05:15.360 So for instance, we have the social aspect of vulnerability when people feel lonely, when people feel they need to be known to something, 05:15.360 --> 05:25.360 while these patterns also exploit that, right? The famous philosophy is now, well it's an expectation of the social aspect of vulnerability. 05:26.360 --> 05:35.360 Also, some interaction drivers like they impossible trade-offs that this, this company is providers give you, 05:35.360 --> 05:45.360 when you are asked to choose between give me your privacy or give me your money, there is a huge power of population that always is going to give the privacy, 05:45.360 --> 05:54.360 because they are not, they cannot give that money, right? And we also have seen this in the constant or pay model that we recently had in Europe. 05:56.360 --> 06:05.360 Or we have some agency drivers like, we feel like that people like sometimes have improvements in perceiving the time, 06:05.360 --> 06:15.360 these designs also play with that, or with the extent to which that users feel they can do nothing about it, 06:15.360 --> 06:24.360 as they feel that this lack of self-efficacy they cannot protect themselves, the feel they cannot, platforms use that in their benefit. 06:26.360 --> 06:35.360 So, all of these aspects that are also related to the user's context, drives their vulnerability to this effective practices, 06:35.360 --> 06:41.360 and therefore make users more likely to interact with these practices and be more harmed. 06:41.360 --> 06:52.360 Let's educate users, right? We believe that if users know more about the digital environment, they will be more protected. 06:53.360 --> 07:04.360 But for me, like both approaches, the regulatory aspect and educational one, both remain under this logic that users always have to resist something, 07:04.360 --> 07:14.360 they always have the burden of doing something for regulators and also regulators that advocate for the idea of education, they say, 07:14.360 --> 07:23.360 OK, as long as there's a prediction option, the user is OK, there's no problem with it, right? 07:23.360 --> 07:31.360 And we know that's not true, right? We actually, we see that this creates a lot of power and balances, 07:31.360 --> 07:42.360 and actually we already have a plenty of experience with an alternative to all prediction for users that is not really working very well, 07:42.360 --> 07:51.360 which is the cookie constant banner that we have for a long time in the European Union so far, and we already have some lessons from that, right? 07:51.360 --> 08:02.360 So, with this kind of interventions, it's like expecting like the people that, to know everything about the food composition and say, OK, now you know everything, 08:02.360 --> 08:10.360 now you don't get toxic food, it's your problem, right? It's your choice, if you didn't make the good choice, you're going to be both on half fun. 08:10.360 --> 08:16.360 It would be the same, but in the, um, digital landscape. 08:16.360 --> 08:27.360 And we also have some interventions addressed for to designers and developers in different ways. For instance, we have tools that try to automatize, 08:27.360 --> 08:35.360 they analysis of the set of designs to try to warn designers and developers not to implement certain practices. 08:35.360 --> 08:47.360 But at the same time, we know that the set of practices are not the matter of one color, one button, one position, the right is good and the left is, but we know that's not how it works. 08:47.360 --> 08:58.360 Therefore, this kind of automated decisions and those, while they are, they have merit, of course, and they will contribute, they are not the solution either, right? 08:58.360 --> 09:07.360 Actually, well, emotional triggers without being aware that this can be actually more, more harmful, that being more transparent of what you want, 09:07.360 --> 09:17.360 or they understand, um, a, like, they implement this principle, this idea of, of trust or use experience in a more instrumental way. 09:17.360 --> 09:31.360 They don't necessarily, they, they want to generate trust, not for the sake of trust for the user, but they want to generate trust, because they want the, to engage the user into whatever part they're doing. 09:31.360 --> 09:38.360 There's also tension between these values and documentation and the context they are working in, like, the companies they are working in, right? 09:38.360 --> 09:55.360 So, um, in some cases, there are organizational constraints, like, they don't feel, they have the power, they don't feel, they have the, the ethical ownership within their companies, so they can do not, they cannot match, but at the same time, we also have, 09:55.360 --> 10:10.360 that's, we don't, we shouldn't ask the signers to take this issue, so maybe they shouldn't be taking, right? They, they, we cannot ask them for, for knowledge that they are not ethical, I feel so first, so they, we shouldn't always ask for that. 10:10.360 --> 10:21.360 So, the result of this is that the signers sometimes end up also normalizing manipulative practices, but not necessarily by choice, um, yes, by, by necessity. 10:21.360 --> 10:36.360 So, and in here, like, uh, we know that UX has been a bit underdeveloped in the free and open software communities, but we are seeing a shift. 10:36.360 --> 10:48.360 Like, we see like more and more projects that are prioritizing fairness, ethics, accessibility, and different types of more user experience related values. 10:48.360 --> 10:58.360 So, to me, the open source of the sign community has the perfect opportunity to fill this gap and to actually make the change in this topic. 10:58.360 --> 11:09.360 So, the open source community has the knowledge, the structure, the, and the dynamics to make a successful community supported projects, 11:09.360 --> 11:18.360 then that can reach larger audiences at the maybe other kind of stakeholders don't have, like, scholars, they don't have that knowledge. 11:18.360 --> 11:37.360 And also open source project, um, an open source project on free patterns would benefit all kinds of, of companies, but mostly those designers that do not necessarily feel confident with some ethical decision-making, or that they simply don't have such a knowledge, and they don't have to have it. 11:37.360 --> 11:50.360 But also, um, it will support all kinds of stakeholders by demonstrated that there are other ways of doing a further harmless UX design. 11:50.360 --> 11:57.360 To, to reach out and contact me, here's my information, and thank you so much. 11:57.360 --> 12:07.360 Thank you. 12:08.360 --> 12:17.360 So, you, you said that, uh, the front end of our movement, taking, uh, to the middle. 12:17.360 --> 12:18.360 Sorry. 12:18.360 --> 12:25.360 When, when, when, when, like, it's like communications or what, and then communicate, somebody, you all kind of money, do they? 12:25.360 --> 12:32.360 So, when, when you grow the nine, because design is money, because you know them, to be something, I want just a, 12:32.360 --> 12:42.360 you know, you know, you know. 12:42.360 --> 12:48.360 Okay, so your question is if there's a way of being manipulative in a good way, and like, because, 12:48.360 --> 12:53.360 many, uh, design is in early manipulative, I can think it's in, that they didn't initially want to, right? 12:53.360 --> 13:00.360 And therefore, when, with, supposedly persuasive design techniques, we are actually exploiting decisions from our abilities. 13:00.360 --> 13:05.360 It's probably a talking about manipulation, manipulative design or the set of design, right? 13:05.360 --> 13:12.360 So, that's, that's what, how I, I said, I don't, I don't think it's an easy question, and that's why I've done this for four years, 13:12.360 --> 13:21.360 because I, it's not easy, uh, but to me, that would be the route to take to understand this problem in order to make effective solutions, 13:21.360 --> 13:25.360 because I think in the regulatory aspect, they have, they are having the same problem like, 13:25.360 --> 13:35.360 where do they, they can draw the line if everything is persuasive, right? 13:35.360 --> 13:42.360 So, so if you don't want to say that, have you really think what, um, HDI, because possibly, 13:42.360 --> 13:46.360 about this like, feel free to join me, because I think sounds great. 13:46.360 --> 13:47.360 Yeah, sorry. 13:47.360 --> 13:49.360 One minute, whatever. 13:49.360 --> 13:53.360 I think there's a kind of a question that is English, is it a great question thing? 13:53.360 --> 13:59.360 Yes, when we are about to think that I find very manipulating, you know, 13:59.360 --> 14:03.360 because it's all that you want to know as your opinion or not. 14:03.360 --> 14:04.360 Yeah. 14:04.360 --> 14:10.360 Yes, because the regulation of your opinion on the internal design, 14:10.360 --> 14:15.360 because if there are two cases that possibly need to go and check that. 14:15.360 --> 14:23.360 And so, the message I come to often, if you accept coupé, two cases on parameters, one.